Essay about E.E. Cummings The Birth of Modern Poetry

â€Å"The greatest poets are those with memories so great that they extend beyond their strongest experiences to their minutest observations of people and things far outside their own self-centeredness.† This quote said by Stephen Spender depicts a great poet as someone who utilizes their past observations to increase their knowledge about people, nature, love, and life. Like a great poet, E.E. Cummings employed his past experiences in his poetry and life. Known as one of the preeminent poets of the 20th century, E.E. Cummings poetry has received an array of both positive and negative criticism. Nonetheless, Cummings’s poetry has inspired many poets and authors with his liberal views on love, nature, and religion along with his modern†¦show more content†¦Blackmur, a literary critic, criticized E.E. Cummings’s poetry stating, â€Å"There is a great big moral vacuum at the heart of E.E. Cummings’s poetry.† (Roberts 256) Other critics also re probated his work by stating that there were no morals or lessons gained from reading his poetry. Another critic, Louise Bogan, remarked, â€Å"It is the deletion of the tragic that makes Cummings’s joy childish and his anger petulant.† (Roberts 256) Bogan stated that because there is no plot or lesson to Cummings’s poetry, his joy is childish and his anger is grouchy. Another asset of his poetry that was heavily criticized was his unique style of writing. The contemporary writing style was very unfamiliar to his readers at that time. In his poem â€Å"Snow†, Cummings incorporates his unique writing style along with his typographical errors: â€Å"Emarkable /s)h? /ya /(from n/o(into whe)re f / ind).† (Thompson 2) Despite the confusion and difficulty to read and comprehend the poem, Cummings sought to promote a diverse lesson with his usage of separated letters and other punctuation marks in order to create verbal movements and cause the reader to c ontemplate (Webster 15). E.E. Cummings’s audacity to ignore the biased criticisms of critics and develop a contemporary writing style has made him one of the most baffling, yet eminent poets of the 20th century. E.E. Cummings’s love poetry has modeled the modern views of love. Known to be a radical poet, Cummings appalled many criticsShow MoreRelatedEssay about E.E. Cummings612 Words   |  3 PagesEdward Estlin Cummings is a famous poet and novelist. A true man of the arts, he also enjoyed playwrights, painting, and drawing. His lifetime lasting from 1894-1962 was vivaciously lived! He spent a large portion of his life in his birth state, Massachusetts, although certain life events lead him beyond the United States. Cummings served in the U.S. Army during World War I, and was a volunteer in an ambulance unit as well. A great portion of his life was also dedicated to his Harvard educationRead More The Poetry of e.e. cummings Essay3340 Words   |  14 PagesThe P oetry of e.e. cummings The poems to come are for you and for me and are not for most people. --its no use trying to pretend that mostpeople and ourselves are alike. Mostpeople have less in common with ourselves than the squarerootofminusone. You and I are human beings;mostpeople are snobs. Take the matter of being born. What does being born mean to mostpeople? Catastrophe unmitigated. Socialrevolution. The cultured aristocrat yanked out of his hyperexclusively ultravoluptuous superpalazzoRead More Time in Thomas’ Fern Hill and Cummings’ anyone lived in a pretty how town3549 Words   |  15 Pagesis lost; poetically speaking,†¦time is regained in the act of visionary creation (Crewe 400). Poetry allows for the capture of a moment in time otherwise lost in the blink of an eye. British poet Dylan Thomas and American poet E.E. Cummings have both been noted for the recurring themes of passage of time in their poetry. In Thomas’ Fern Hill and Cummings’ anyone lived in a pretty how town, both modern poets utilize a juxtaposition of paradoxes to express the irrevocable passage of time and theRead MoreThe Disenchanted Research Paper3448 Words   |  14 PagesFitzgerald’s life and work were in a knot from the start; his profession spanne d one of the most tumultuous eras of the century, and from the very start he was the creator and the victim of the new culture of celebrity which accompanied the rise of modern technology. Budd Schulberg masterfully created a character that closely and in many ways represents Fitzgerald in his later years; Manley Halliday is that character. â€Å"His mind’s eye, incurably bifocal, could never stop searching for the fairy-tale

Library of Babel Essay - 1528 Words

In Jorge Luis Borges’ short story â€Å"The Library of Babel†, the author depicts the entire universe in the form of a mysterious and intricate â€Å"Library.† The author gives life to the library by describing the fruit- like â€Å"bulbs† that emit light, as well as a vestibule which contains two compartments for â€Å"sleeping and satisfying one’s physical necessities.† (Borges 112) This library is lined with â€Å"an infinite number of hexagonal galleries,†(Borges 112) containing bookshelves with an immeasurable amount of books. However, most of these books are indecipherable, and therefore, meaningless. Borges’ characterization of the library leads the reader to believe that he is alluding to the numerous books of the Bible. He questions the Bible’†¦show more content†¦Both Adam and Eve were tricked into believing that the fruit will present them with a more fulfilling existence, but instead it proved lackin g and disappointing. Furthermore, the narrator soon after says, â€Å" Thousands of greedy individuals abandoned their sweet native hexagons and rushed upstairs and downstairs, spurred by their vain desire to find their Vindication.† (Borges 115) The â€Å"greedy individuals† the narrator speaks of are a symbol of humankind’s dissatisfaction with its existence, and its constant need to search for something more divine. Thus, the narrator describes Adam and Eve’s fall from Grace, which was â€Å"spurred by their vain desire to find their Vindication.† To further illustrate the universe in the form of a Library, Borges compares the insignificance of man to the majestic configuration of the universe, â€Å"Man, the imperfect librarian, may be the work of chance or of malevolent demiurges; the universe, with its elegant appointments- its bookshelves, its enigmatic books, its indefatigable staircases for the traveler, and its water closets for the seated librarian-can only be the handiwork of a god.† (Borges 113) In this quote, Borges himself insinuates that the Library, like the universe, was created by a higher power. The intricacy of the library’s structure- such as the bookshelves, the innumerable amount ofShow MoreRelatedLibrary Of Babel Analysis1408 Words   |  6 PagesThe Library of Babel, Borges talks about a library that can have all the books that have ever been written. When Borges describes it, he states that â€Å"The universe (which others call the Library) is composed of an indefinite, perhaps an infini te, number of hexagonal galleries, with enormous ventilation shafts in the middle, encircled by very low railings.† In this quote, Borges allows the author to imagine this fantasy library with an â€Å"infinite† number of rooms, but later says that this library isRead MoreThe Library of Babel by Jorge Luis Borges634 Words   |  3 PagesThe Library of Babel by Jorge Luis Borges was about a Library filled with an infinite, or perhaps finite, number hexagon rooms. These hexagons contain all books that exist, and many that have yet to be written. The story describes the last thoughts of a man who has lived in this library universe. The Library itself holds many books that hold perceived power from the knowledge they hold. One of the most incomprehensible concepts he raises is a book that contains all other books within the Library. TheRead MoreA World Of Books By Borges1436 Words   |  6 Pagesample amount of it is the story â€Å"The Library of Babel.† He first mentions them when he says †¦ Of a general theory of the library and the satisfactory resolution of the problem it s no construction yet made clear: the formless and chaotic nature of almost all books. (81) The books in the library all have millions of different variations of each other. This chaotic list of randomly unnecessary copies of each book maximizes the level of entropy output in the library. Which is already big enough to takeRead MorePurpose of Creation Myths836 Words   |  3 Pagesmyth is that documented in the Epic of Gilgamesh. In this epic, the problems of life and living are the primary and overriding theme. Nonetheless, most of the creation theories explain the confusion of tongues and the tower of Babel. For instance, the aspect of the tower of Babel is in the creation accounts of the Syrians, Greek, Chinese, Sumerian, Hindu, and Babylonians among others (Ellis 13). The enormous flood documented in Genesis is in the creation myths of the Incas and the Hopi Indians. In summaryRead MoreHighly Motivated And Eager To Learn Essay778 Words   |  4 Pageswhich I catch a glimpse of a distant city which would take a lifetime just to walk through, or stumble upon a library i n that city with more books than I could ever count, let alone read, or find a book in that library about far greater libraries which are now so much dust in the wind. nbsp; A turning point in my understanding was a famous Borges story called The Library of Babel. Here I learned that there is no discernable difference between an infinite number and very large finite numberRead MoreHenry David Hwang ( M. Butterfly )1558 Words   |  7 Pagesmake statement on the unavoidable creative procedure, misses or conceals a bit of the reality of it. Byatt acknowledged an inspiration moment for Possession as the time she come across with a famous Coleridge scholar working in the British library and â€Å"mused that much of what she {Byatt} knew of Coleridge had been filtered through that individual †¦ adding that ‘I though, it’s almost like a case of demonic possession, and I wondered, has she eaten up hers?’† Byatt thought of writing a novelRead MoreOrder and Chaos2780 Words   |  12 Pagesand intolerance of other views. One view can not exist without the other ,and they are both impractical and incomplete. The joining of the two is essential for a human being and the world as a whole. This point is clearly illustrated in the Library of Babel where all was known ,yet chaos was rampant because no faith could exist. Music can sometimes sound random, chaotic, and spontaneous but all music has a certain structure and fundamental elements. Though music has many benefits its main objectiveRead MoreTheme Of Heroes In Fahrenheit 451701 Words   |  3 Pagesand unnecessary, as well as, leads firemen who seek out and annihilate them. â€Å"You know the law,’ said Beatty. ‘Wheres your common sense? None of those books agree with each other. Youve been locked up here for years with a regular damned Tower of Babel† (35). Beatty is saying to a woman that her books are against the law and that they make no sense before she kills herself. Beatty exhibits no remorse for the woman when he mentions, â€Å"don’t worry about it† to Montag and doesn’t care. â€Å"Clarisse McClellanRead MoreA Brief Look at Genesis832 Words   |  3 Pagessinned and were exiled from the Garden of Eden. We see the God’s judgment in the flood. This is where God sees our evil and flood s the Earth only sparing Noah and his family. Our foolish acts that lead to various languages and nations from the tower of Babel can be found in Genesis 10:1-11:9. The patriarchs of the Bible begin here. The stories of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Joseph can be found within Genesis. This is the creation of the covenant relationship with God. The Abrahamic Covenant begins hereRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury944 Words   |  4 Pagesown personality and beliefs. For example, You know the law, said Beatty. Where s your common sense? None of those books agree with each other. You ve been locked up here for years with a regular damned Tower of Babel Beatty speaking to the owner of a hidden library who lights herself on fire along with her books. This passage highlights the argument about why books should be illegal. The mentality is controlled by the old fashioned thoughts of communism. Society should be able to control

Tattered Paper, Over-Used Pens, and a Cramped Right Hand free essay sample

My life is the outcome of tattered paper, over-used pens, and a cramped right hand. I sit on my bed writing about my cousins playing a half court of basketball with two gallons of warm water on the side in the hot, humid, hellish heat. There was a time when I would join them, but that was before we all â€Å"grew up†. We played games of â€Å"tag†; â€Å"throw up, tackle†, our version of football free-for-all; â€Å"fifty†, our basketball free-for-all; and kickball until our mothers called us in because it was too late in the night. After a while, everything gradually transitioned from friendly game play to competitive sports—sports I either didn’t understand or did not like. The more they played sports, the more I stayed in my house and read. I rarely came outside. I have read books from horror to modern day fantasy and everything in between. Books gave me a place where I could escape. We will write a custom essay sample on Tattered Paper, Over-Used Pens, and a Cramped Right Hand or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I could always go to a place where everything would work out for the better when real life circumstances were not looking too attractive. At times, I wished that books could come true—preferably for my life. I envied how characters got their desired life that their author created; I wanted a life I could create. However, in order to create a life, one has to know how to create. I began to pay more attention in English class, took Journalism and Creative Writing classes to pick up on writing structures and styles, and demonstrated my gained knowledge for anyone who wanted to see. I soon wrote the first chapter of my second life. From that first chapter came the second, then the third, and so on until I had completed my new life. Yes, it had a lot of kinks and errors throughout, but the overall work was complete. Mark Twain once wrote that â€Å"there is little difference between a man who won’t read and a man who can’t read.† As I grow older, I think more and more young adults who do not like reading and do not understand the mystic nature of writing, do not fully appreciate the English language. I, on the other hand, while still confused about some English literature, am still fascinated by the fact that our language is comprised of so many other languages and cultures. I try to keep a transcendentalist outlook on life—looking forward to the mixture of oranges, reds, pinks, and yellows each morning. I know that whatever direction my life goes, it will be the outcome of tattered paper, over-used pens, and a cramped right hand.

Racial and Ethnic Groups free essay sample

The United States is known as the Melting Pot of the world. This is because of the many different cultures that arrived from many different countries. All in hopes of the American Dream. In this paper we will focus on the African migration and the Asian migration to the U. S. We will examine why these two groups decided to migrate to the U. S. And in what geographical areas they settled. We will then analyze and explain what influences other ethnic or racial groups had on each other, if any, once they migrated.We will also evaluate the power-conflict theory and how it applies to African and Asian roofs. Furthermore, we will explain how the concept of multiculturalism might be applied to the two groups of focus. In conclusion, we will provide examples of these groups customs, beliefs, and values have-or-have not- become incorporated into American. Migration The African migration dates back to the 1 Dutch and French companies dominated the importation of African people at that time. We will write a custom essay sample on Racial and Ethnic Groups or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page England joined the trade as well in the 1 6005. Local African societies were raided by Europeans and who took people by force. Greed and fear played a role in African coastal rulers involvement in the trade. These rulers succumbed to the European Slave-trade becoming the go-between, serving European Slave traders. The enslavement was motivated by cheap the potential of cheap labor on farms and plantations across America (Fagin, 2011 Africans settled mostly in the Southern States of N. America where most of the conservatives held plantations. According to historians from the mid-16005 to the 1 sass, there is an estimate of 10-1 million slaves imported to the Western Hemisphere.Most were taken to the West Indies and South America, and only 5 percent were brought directly to North America (Fagin, 201 1). Asian Migration There s a variety of Asian cultures in the U. S. Today. However, the very first Asian culture to settle in the North America were Filipino around 1 750, they settled in what later would be Louisiana. Around 1840, the British and Spanish brought over collies from China, India, and Philippines to make up for the shortage of slaves from Africa. They settled them in the Islands in the Caribbean, Peru, Ecuador and other South American countries (El, C.N. 2013). The first big rush of Asian migration to the U. S. Came during the Gold Rush in mid sass. Asian (mainly Chinese) people were lured by the promise of Gold aches and return home rich. They were settling in what is now known as California. One of the most important factors as to why the Chinese would leave China was economic hardship in their country (El, C. N. 2013). Racial Teeth nice Influence Chinese were the primary Asian group migrating to the U. S. Nevertheless, there were already misconceptions about the Chinese culture before they even arrived.People did not understand their customs, and therefore; they Were stereotyped. Most of the time their lifestyle was described as exotic and sinister. There was Xenophobes, which is a fear of anything associated with China ( Fagin, 2011 , Cheap. 4). Europeans appealed to the racist theory of fearing foreign genes and germs. It is easy to say that the Asian culture had little to zero influence on other cultures during the time of migration. One can say that the motivation behind having Asian-Chinese migration was due to economic growth for the united States. When the U. S. Was in need of hard labor with cheap pay. The Western culture had significant influence on the Chinese culture. From clothes, food, speech, and Western medicine. Many of those customs had to be left behind in order to assimilate to an already stile and competitive environment. The Chinese people had to become accustomed to the Western ways of conducting business, food and so forth. To this day, there is an effort by the Asian culture to be more Westernizes. Many Asian business owners or workers have American names, which have become their legal names, but when asked what their real name is: they allow for their Asian traditional name is.The American culture has had far more influence in the Asian culture than the Asian culture on the America. More so back in the 1 sass to early 1 sass, during the big migration period. During this RA there was groups of culture segregation. Asians had Asian stores, businesses, and temples/churches As did the Italians, Irish, and Jews. African the African culture were most segregated culture of them all. Between the sass and mid 1 sass most Africans lived in plantations or were victims to slavery. Safe to stay their influence on other cultures was nonexistent.However, the most influential culture imposed on the African culture was the European culture and beliefs. While the Africans were denied traditional food, ability to learn to read, write, and live life as they did in their country. They ere taught the bible as a way to keep them subordinate to the Anglo slave masters. A couple of influences that did emerge during the slave era that still exist to this day is what we know as soul food and soul music blues and jazz. Soul food comes from the ability to cook what was left over meat like chitins, gizzards and so on. Cheap food like corn, greens were made because it was either leftover meat or cheap food they can make from the plantation. In the music you will find stories of love sorrow, and overcoming obstacles. This music influenced the creation of and a lot of great artist who have come timeless throughout the years due to the influence of Soul music. Power-conflict Asian groups chose to migrate to Western world, America. However power- conflict relates not only to involuntary immigrations. It also relates to inequalities in economic position, power, and resources. Which Chinese, in particularly, experience during the Gold Rush and railroad era. They were also exploited, doing the work that the white Americans did not want to do but paying them cheaper wages. The Chinese were overworked and underpaid. There was an institutionalized discrimination. As laws were eventually made to keep Asian from migrating to the U. S. African Without a doubt the African culture experienced power-conflict In all aspects of the term. They were involuntarily brought abroad, exploited, experienced economic inequalities (still continue to do so), by working as slaves for free and being treated like merchandise and not human beings. They were branded, as if to say they were a product and property of so and so. The government created laws that prohibited the African group from human rights, like freedom of speech, and the right to live freely. They were kept in the bottom of the rungs societal racial and ethnic ladder (Fagin 201 1, Cheap- 2). Multiculturalism While this paper focused mainly on Chinese culture. Multiculturalism is very common in the Asian groups. The Asian community is made up of highly diverse nations. Diverse referring to linguistics, religion, culture, socially, politically, and ethnically. These nations are diverse in different ways, as they also cope with diversity in their own way. You can assume where an Asian person is from, and what language they may speak. However, the truth of the matter is that there is more to an Asian group than their image. There is history, tradition, and customs, and it all varies depending on where they are from. African in South Africa there are 11 languages recognized, among them English. There has been trouble by the government in being able to identify the diversity South Africa has. It has been famously known as Rainbow Country made famous by Nelson Mandela. There is a multiculturalism in the African ethnic group, but has yet to be embraced fully because of hate, fear, and prejudice by its own people and government. America Incorporated Asian cultures has had a big influence in the Western world throughout the years. A couple Of examples are the food, holistic approach, and an ever growing amount of meditation and natural healing. Chinese and other Asian restaurants are every/here nowadays. They are no longer just restricted to Chinatown. Asian influence in food has spread out throughout the entire nation, and continues to grow.Another influence has been the holistic and natural approach to healing powers of the mind and body. Meditation, yoga are all rooted from the Asian culture. More and more people are practicing such methods as a way of healing. African the African culture have made their mark in history. As we discussed earlier they were able to incorporate a little of their world into cuisine, and music. Jazz, Blues, funk all have the roots of African beats, and rhythm. The food that the plantation workers learned to make, has been learned to love and appreciate and to this days it is made and appreciated by many different cultures.Conclusion The United States is indeed a melting pot of cultures, ethnicities, customs, and traditions. We have to admit, many racial groups suffered to come to the United States, and suffered even after coming. Asian migrated to the U. S voluntarily in hope of making it big during the Gold Rush era. However were still discriminated, and stereotyped. African people were brought he re by Orca, forced into the slave trade and mistreated in so many ways that it has been an injustice for centuries.The power-conflict theory has been applied to both these cultures in more than one way. Multiculturalism exists in both racial groups. Now, in modern days we are able to see the influence these two groups have had to the American culture.

Martin Luther to the German Nobility †Theology Essay

Martin Luther to the German Nobility – Theology Essay Free Online Research Papers Martin Luther to the German Nobility Theology Essay Power. Throughout the extensive tale of human history, there have been few factors that have influenced the construction and rise of civilized and happy nations, and even fewer that have enticed the destruction and tyrannical corruption of peoples than has the possession of power. The word itself is vague at best, a term we use with such indiscriminate promiscuity that its very definition is scattered across the realms of religion, politics, law, philosophy, and all the natural and physical sciences. Ethically, the concept is innocent and splendidly neutral- to make a moral judgment requires not the condemnation or endorsement of power itself, but of its wielder. Power can make a man (or a god) a momentous influence for the righteousness and happiness of those over whom he has power; it can also spawn an influential corruption that can degenerate even the greatest of heroes. Martin Luther, in his treatise, â€Å"To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation,† fueled by his love of the Gospel as taught by Christ and armed with a relentless determination to inspire the Catholic Church and its power-wielding leaders of his day to turn from corruption to the true pursuit of the Lord’s teachings, seeks to appeal to the political leaders of the German ic people in order to convince them of their rights as independent Christians and their ability to influence change in the Church. Despite the eventual creation of the â€Å"Lutheran† Church and the vast amount of other sects inspired by the Protestant Reformation, Martin Luther does not write his treatise with an attitude of breaking off the Catholic Church. The whole work rather is written with the ardor and aim of a medical doctor; it is an attempt at a repair rather than any sort of amputation preceded by simple condemnation. But why would an attempt at renovation of the clergy be directed at the political ruling body? Luther explains his apparent misdirection in the opening of his epistle: â€Å"I am carrying out our intention to put together a few points on the matter of the reform of the Christian estate, to be laid before the Christian nobility of the German nation, in the hope that God may help his church through the laity, since the clergy, to whom this task more properly belongs, have grown quite indifferent† (7, italics added). The point then, is that the clergy are quite comfortable in their follies and not interested in their own reform; Luther is thus appealing to the political powers to assist in bringing about his improvements. There is a problem with this, however. The root of corruption, according to Luther, is the church in Rome- the pope and his clergy- and its members have declared themselves both infallible and possessing final authority over any political entity. Thus, if laity were to attempt any reform, Rome quickly responds by declaring that laity are not priests and thus have no authority for any such alteration. If the laity tries to prove their case by the scriptures, Rome replies that only they can interpret the scriptures. It is a logically impossible circular argument, a variation on the classic â€Å"infallible authoritarian† argument: â€Å"Rule 1- Rome is always right. Rule 2- If Rome is wrong, see Rule 1.† In reaction to this claim to supreme authority, Luther has two basic responses. First, he makes the argument that his audience, the temporal political nobles of Germany, if they be just Christians, are priests with the same authority as any of the clergymen. It is a fallacy that the clergymen of Rome belong exclusively to the â€Å"spiritual estate† and that anyone who is not a member of the clergy is only a part of the â€Å"temporal estate.† In other words, anyone who is a Christian is a priest with the same authority as any man wearing the clerical robes; being Christian is synonymous with being part of the â€Å"spiritual estate.† The difference then, is not one of power or authority, but of office and responsibility. Essentially, Luther is giving the men to whom he writes justification to effect reform in the Church- he is telling them that they have the authority, just like any member of the laity, to have a say in clerical and religious matters. Scripturally and historically, they have the power to take action such as to elect and app oint bishops and monks, just as the laity of Hippo appointed St. Augustine. Second, he makes a sharp division of labor between politics and religion. He says, â€Å"The pope is not a vicar of Christ in heaven, but only of Christ as he walked the earth† (54). The image of Christ in heaven, then, is a king- with a throne, ruling majestically on high- omniscient and possessing all power. The King of Heaven and of Earth is certainly a political station. However, Christ needs a man like St. Peter, who will represent Him how He was on the Earth. Jesus certainly held no political power when He walked the streets of Jerusalem- neither did Peter or the other apostles. Their responsibility was to serve the children of God; they were to care for the poor, sick, and needy in both body and spirit. In other words, they were to carry on the work of Christ. Martin Luther clearly declares that a true representative of Christ cannot effectively hold any political power. For, indeed, how can a man pay full attention to the body of the Church, and at the same time rule a n political entity such as a city- much less an empire? The distinction then is clear. We need political officers, and we need church leaders, but in order to do their jobs effectively, they cannot be the same person or group of people, and neither can claim authority over the other in the other’s realm, e.g., the clergy cannot claim the right to control or suppress a king’s acquisition of territory. It is clear throughout the treatise that Luther writes from the most sincere position- he wants to effect changes for the good of God and his fellow men- not to secure power or position for himself or his friends. He constantly quotes scripture and uses precedents and examples from Christ’s own life and the lives of the apostles to make his justifications for reform. Although he could not have possibly realized the scope of the division his movement would create in Christianity, his efforts are certainly exceptional enough to bestow upon him the title of Father of the Reformation. 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How to Read a French Menu

How to Read a French Menu Reading the menu in a  French restaurant  can be a little tricky, and not just because of language difficulties. There may be important differences between restaurants in France and in your own country, including what foods are offered and how they are prepared. Types of menus Le menu and la formule refer to the fixed-price menu, which includes two or more courses (with limited choices for each) and is usually the least expensive way to eat out in France. The choices may be written on the ardoise, which literally means slate. Ardoise can also refer  to the specials board the restaurant might display outside or on a wall at the entrance. The sheet of paper or booklet that the waiter hands you (what English speakers call the menu) is la carte, and anything you order from it is la carte, which means fixed-price menu. A couple of other important menus to know are: La carte des vins,  which is the wine menuUne dà ©gustation, which refers to a tasting menu, with small servings of multiple dishes (dà ©guster means to taste) Courses A French meal may include numerous courses, in this order: Un apà ©ritif cocktail, pre-dinner drinkUn amuse-bouche or amuse-gueule snack (just one or two bites)Une entrà ©e appetizer/starter (false cognate alert: entree can mean main course in English)Le plat principal main courseLe fromage cheeseLe dessert dessertLe cafà © coffeeUn digestif after-dinner drink Special Terms In addition to knowing how French restaurants list their food items and prices, as well as the names of courses, you should also familiarize yourself with special food terms. Le plat du jour is the daily special (literally, dish of the day), which is usually part of le menu.Gratuit and offert both mean free.The waiter will often add the word petit (little) to his offer: Un petit dessert? Un petit cafà ©?When youre full, say: Je nen peux plus or Jai bien/trop mangà ©. Other Terms To really feel comfortable ordering from the menu in a French restaurant, youll need to learn a number of common terms. The list below includes almost all common terms you would need to know to impress your friends while ordering in French. The list is broken down by categories, such as food preparation, portions and ingredients, and even regional dishes. Food Preparation   affin aged artisanal homemade, traditionally made la broche cooked on a skewer la vapeur steamed letouffe stewed au four baked biologique, bio organic bouilli boiled brl burnt coup en ds diced coup en tranches / rondelles sliced en crote in a crust en daube in stew, casserole en gele in aspic/gelatin farci stuffed fondu melted frit fried fum smoked glac frozen, icy, glazed grill grilled hach minced, ground (meat) maison homemade pol panfried relev highly seasoned, spicy sch dried truff with truffles truff de ___ dotted/speckled with ___ Tastes   aigre sour amer bitter piquant spicy sal salty, savory sucr sweet(ened) Portions, Ingredients, and Appearance   aiguillettes long, thin slices (of meat) aile wing, white meat aromates seasoning ___ volont (e.g., frites volont) all you can eat la choucroute sauerkraut crudits raw vegetables cuisse thigh, dark meat minc thin slice (of meat) fines herbes sweet herbs un mli-mlo assortment un morceau piece au pistou with basil pesto une pole de ___ assorted fried ___ la pure mashed potatoes une rondelle slice (of fruit, vegetable, sausage) une tranche slice (of bread, cake, meat) une truffe truffle (very expensive and rare fungus) Typical French and Regional Dishes aoli fish/vegetables with garlic mayonnaise aligot mashed potatoes with fresh cheese (Auvergne) le buf bourguignon beef stew (Burgundy) le brandade dish made with cod (Nmes) la bouillabaisse fish stew (Provence) le cassoulet meat and bean casserole (Languedoc) la choucroute (garnie) sauerkraut with meat (Alsace) le clafoutis fruit and thick custard tart le coq au vin chicken in red wine sauce la crme brle custard with a burnt sugar top la crme du Barry cream of cauliflower soup une crpe very thin pancake un croque madame ham and cheese sandwich topped with fried egg un croque monsieur ham and cheese sandwich une daube meat stew le foie gras goose liver ___ frites (moules frites, steak frites) ___ with fries/chips (mussels with fries/chips, steak with fries/chips) une gougre puff pastry filled with cheese la piprade tomato and bell pepper omelet (Basque) la pissaladire onion and anchovy pizza (Provence) la quiche lorraine bacon and cheese quiche la (salade de) chvre (chaud) green salad with goat cheese on toast la salade nioise mixed salad with anchovies, tuna, and hard boiled eggs la socca baked chickpea crpe (Nice) la soupe loignon French onion soup la tarte flambe pizza with very light crust (Alsace) la tarte normande apple and custard pie (Normandy) la tarte tatin upside down apple pie

How We Got Lincoln Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

How We Got Lincoln - Essay Example Judd, in order to give Lincoln an advantage of home city. Another thing was the reaction that Abraham Lincoln got to his speech that he delivered in Copper Union in 1860, which attracted a lot of Northeastern Republicans, who were already seeking an alternative to Senator Seward. This paper tends to discuss and analyze, â€Å"How we got Lincoln†, by focusing on the national republican convention held in Chicago in1860. Abraham Lincoln became a nominee for presidency in the convention. The writer states that much was said against Senator Seward, who was the focus of attention on the May 17, 1860 Chicago national republican convention, something that went in support of Abraham Lincoln. Delegates from 24 states, including Missouri, Kentucky, Virginia, Delaware and Maryland, attended the Chicago convention. William H. Seward, Salmon P. Chase, and Abraham Lincoln of Illinois were the primary nominees from a turf of twelve candidates. Hannibal Hamlin of Maine, a candid abolitionist was selected as vice-president. The Republican platform, which was adopted by the convention, clearly stated that slavery would not be extended, nor promoted anymore, for the benefit of the black community. It stated that free-homestead legislation would be enacted, and a daily mail-service and a transcontinental railroad will be established. In the convention, three candidates stood in opposition of Lincoln. They were Stephen Douglas (Northern Democrat), John Bell (Constitutional Union Party), and John Cabell Breckenridge (Southern Democrat). Douglas was Lincoln’s closest rival. Lincoln's key squabble for recognition at the convention was Douglas’ defeat for the Senate in the 1860 election in his home state of Chicago, Illinois. Given that Douglas was a popular Democratic nominee, Lincoln's show in the election was significant. However, Lincoln won a lot more votes than Douglas, winning a good percentage of the popular vote. There was also a lot of competition for the Republican nomination in the convention. The Republican candidates included Simon Cameron of Pennsylvania,  Ben Wade and Salmon Chase of Ohio,  Cassius Clay of Kentucky, and Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln was the least known among all the Republican candidates, because he had not held any elected position since 1840. Lincoln had fewer votes than Seward on the first and second ballet, but won from the third ballot in the convention. In the third ballet, Lincoln was short of a few votes, but Ohio chair, over a settlement, declared the switch of four votes from Salmon Chase to Lincoln, which pushed Lincoln over the required total. The convention expressed immense applause. After a long journey of campaign and elections, the Vice President Breckinridge, on February 11, announced the victory of Abraham Lincoln. Republican success in the Chicago convention became possible not only because of Lincoln’s stance against slavery, but also due to dissatisfaction of the citizens with the D emocratic Party. Hence, we see that the writer has portrayed a true picture of the Chicago national convention of 1860, in which Lincoln won his nomination as a president. The writer has given intricate details, and there is nothing else about the convention that is left to be conveyed to the reader. The writer, in his article, has tried to convey the true picture of achievement by Abraham Lincoln at the Chicago conve

Warfighting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Warfighting - Essay Example The military operation plan has to correlate with the security cooperation and contingency planning guidelines of the Guidance for Employment of the Force (GEF) [Sweeney, pg.64]. As the US is not supporting the claim of present Moroccan government with respect to their sovereignty over Western Sahara, and is of the position that the UN-mediated ceasefire of 1991 be respected by all parties and a peaceful resolution of the conflict be sought, the mission will try to accomplish the same under a wider perspective. In this matter US forces envisage to work in cooperation with a UN peacekeeping force and will try to accomplish in long term, a permanent ceasefire, reduction of Moroccan military presence in the region, ensuring Moroccan and Polisario militaries keep to their assigned territories, release from Moroccan jails of all Western Saharan political prisoners and also exchange of pows, implementation of a UN-led repatriation program for refugees, registration of all qualified voters, and a free and fair referendum. Under the short term objectives of the mission, will come another set of conflict resolution and humanitarian aid providing steps. The immediate step in this sequence of action will be to try to prevent more people from marching in into the cities and also finding solution to the humanitarian crisis caused by the already happened influx of people. It would be a matter of priority to help the women and children who have entered the city as part of the protesting groups as they are the most vulnerable elements to a humanitarian tragedy. Food, potable water and medical support will have to be arranged for all those who are in need of them. In view of the US policy to have a peaceful solution to the crisis, our mission will also be primarily to avert the exercise of force that can lead to violence or physical repression.

George Washington Essay Example for Free

George Washington Essay It has often been said that the entire ordeal leading up the American Revolution occurred as a direct result of two sides not having a common understanding. In fact, this simple interpretation of the more complicated problem might not completely explain everything that happened leading up to and during the Revolutionary War, but it can be used as an explanation for the rift in thinking that ultimately kept the two sides apart on a theoretical level. The British, for the most part, misunderstood what the colonists were looking for in their striving for freedom. The colonists, on the other hand, held a fighting spirit that could not easily be understood by people who were not there to experience it on a day-to-day basis. Two prominent thinkers from either side, George Washington and Edmund Burke, laid out their opinions on the matter in easy to understand terms. Their writings represent an interesting dichotomy. Burke, for the most part, understood what was going on in the colonies. Washington took an approach of broad support for his countrymen, which was representative of the patriotic spirit that permeated the time. Though Washington could never be accused of being a person that liked to get his hands too muddy in the political arena, he did have a pretty firm grasp on the overall feeling of the American people at that time. When he writes to George William Fairfax and Bryan Fairfax in a series of 1774 letters, Washington makes it very clear that he believes the country is ready to stand as one in the face of British opposition. Washington was a calculated man and one that was certainly not quick to jump to any conclusions without first investigating the other options. In his letter to Bryan Fairfax, Washington gives a clear indication of this and further makes indication that he believes all of his options to be expended. When he writes, â€Å"Shall we, after this, whine and cry for relief, when we have already tried it in vain,† Washington clearly indicates that perhaps, making requests of the British government is not enough anymore. To George Washington, Boston was only the breaking point in a conflict that had been long overdue. The plight of Boston was the plight of American and the conflict had arrived because, simply put, they had no other choice but to put up a fight. Though Washington was quick to lend his support to the folks in Boston, he was not fully supportive of their means. Though he agreed that perhaps what they did was necessary, he did not completely approve of how they went about things. As mentioned before, Washington was a calculated individual in every way. He hoped for people to take all options into account before making rash decisions. When the people of Boston opted to toss pounds and pounds of tea into the harbor, they were not making the most responsible decision, but they were making a statement. Washington could respect that statement and the stand that they had the guts to take, even if he did not undyingly support their actions. Washington wrote, â€Å"The conduct of the Boston people could not justify the rigor of their measures. † Still, he goes on to qualify that statement later in his letter. He indicates that sometimes, measures such as those are necessary when people will not take others seriously or respect their requests. To Washington, the main point was that a stand had to be taken somewhere, so he wasn’t angry that the people of Boston made that statement. In fact, he was happy with the idea of having a rallying point around which the colonists could congregate. From the British side of things, Edmund Burke took a slightly more contradictory approach with his thinking. He was a well respected British political mind. During that time, most well respected British minds wanted to use force and not concede anything to the colonists. Those people did not understand what motivated the colonists and certainly did not understand the passion with which colonists wanted to rid themselves of foul treatment. In short, most British political people, who were all of the way across the Atlantic Ocean, had no idea how bad they American colonists wanted it. Burke got it, however. He knew exactly what the colonists wanted and he understood how to motivate them. Edmund Burke’s primary assertion was that the British government was going about things all wrong. Like Washington, Burke was a very influential and deep thinker. He did not like to act without first thinking through all of the different scenarios that might take place. With that in mind, Burke wanted the British government to work with the American colonists, as opposed to working against them as they had been set on doing. He thought it was a good idea to promote reconciliation between the two sides because, in his mind, that was the only way to shut down the fighting spirit of the American colonists. When the British government pushed the Americans into a corner, they banded together and they came out fighting. This is evidenced by Washington’s comments about the Boston Tea Party. Burke also wanted to push for reconciliation because he understood the fact that Great Britain had to have some sort of working relationship with the colonies in the future. They could not make everyone in the colonies mad. In his speech to Parliament on March 22, 1775, Edmund Burke says, â€Å"Because after all our struggle, whether we will or not, we must govern America. † That was Burke’s primary point throughout the entirety of this speech. Win, lose, or draw, the British government had to keep the relationship with the colonies on good footing, or else there would eventually be a conflict to face. In addition to plenty of other things, Burke understood the nature of the American people. He also understood that the British government did not understand the nature of the American colonists. He knew that Great Britain had to keep that in mind if they wanted to be successful in making the American colonies listen to their rules. A fighting spirit was engrained in the American people and that was something that would not go away. In that same speech to the British Parliament, Burke let his partners in the room know that the American colonists were a fighting bunch. â€Å"In this character of the Americans, a love of Freedom is the predominating feature which marks and distinguishes the whole. † If the British government could not understand that, then according to Burke, they had no chance of exacting any change among the colonists themselves. This basic rift in understanding is the one factor that, according to Edmund Burke, would keep the British government from creating any change. Washing and Burke were on different sides, but they were very similar men. They both understood people and they understood what it took to motivate people. While Washington was a unifying voice in America, Burke served as a voice of reason in Great Britain. Their specific messages were different, but they were equally important to their respective nations.

Othello :: essays research papers

After reading Shakespeare’s play OTHELLO you have to ask yourself is Othello as much a victim as he is a murderer? An assumption may be that because Othello kills his wife after the devious behavior of Iago, then maybe Othello is a victim of Iago’s evil. Some may argue that the sin of Iago to plot the down fall of the moor, is worse because it becomes a calculating mind compared to Othello’s sin because he has become a pawn in Iago’s hands. However, it is noticed that Othello allows himself to be manipulated. Iago’s suggestion of the infidelity of Desdemona, Othello’s wife, provides just the excuse Othello needs to justify the destruction of the wife he believes can not truly love him. Desdemona’s murder is a result of Othello’s pride and quick judgment, as a result, he must be held accountable.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Othello, unlike Iago, is capable of forming strong, loving relationships. His genuine friendship with Iago confirms this fact. Othello allows himself to be influenced by Iago, and allows Iago to bring out his most evil characteristics. Although Iago may be the more evil of the two, Othello does little to prevent his instincts from becoming dominant. To see why Othello commits his crime and why he has to be held accountable for it, we must examine his motive. It can be claimed that what actually causes Othello to commit murder is not his being mentally weakened and manipulated by Iago, but rather his own pride and lack of confidence which he allows to gain control. Othello is a strong leader, but he is insecure with his personal qualities. He is in a new city with different customs. He has a new bride, a young and beautiful girl, who he loves but does not know well. The Moor surely is aware of the widespread prejudice in Venice and certainly has to question why Des demona would go against her culture by marrying a black man. Othello has his doubts about Desdemona before Iago begins his scheming. Even though his wife shows nothing but love for him, Othello cannot believe in her love wholeheartedly. â€Å"Tis not to make me jealous to say my wife is fair, feeds well, loves company†¦Nor from mine own weak merits will I draw the smallest fear or doubt of her revolt, for she had eyes and chose me† (Act III, Scene III, 198) Othello is going to conclude that Desdemona's compassion and virtue alone enable her to love him.

Life of a College Student Essay

I personally go to school full time and work a part time job. Although at times it might seem difficult to keep up with school, work and studying, it is actually quite doable as long as you are able to manage your time and work productively. This relates to both McLellan’s â€Å"The Dead-End Kids† and Brown’s â€Å"Balancing Act: High School Students Making the Grade at Part-Time Jobs† because each article gives good reasons as to why working part time and going to school could affect students in a positive way. Working a part time job while going to school will not only affect students positively but also give them an idea of what the real world is going be like. Working a part time job while attending school will give students valuable skills in which they could apply to their daily lives. â€Å"Working also has helped her to learn to manage both her time and money† said McLellan (306). When juggling between school and work, it is very crucial that students learn to manage their time wisely in order to get all their work done. They would have to make a schedule and plan when they would do homework and study around their work and school hours. For example, instead of playing video games during their lunch break they could be doing homework or studying. Being employed also teaches young adults how to manage their money. The author introduced an example said by Charlotte â€Å"The job has actually strengthened my GPA since I’ve taken on additional responsibilities† (qtd. 310). When adding on duties or responsibilities to one’s schedule, usually the person learns to adapt to the change and becomes more responsible. They begin to realize that they don’t have time to full around or slack, they need to do what they have to do in order to move onto the next task. They learn how to handle their money and use it on necessities such as school supplies or clothes and save the rest. Instead of spending their money on drugs and entertainment, they can save it and buy books or even a car. Overall, students not only learn how to manage their time, but also how to manage their money; all in which display the act of becoming responsible. Along with becoming responsible, young adults will get a taste of how the real world is going to be. McLellan says, â€Å"Part-time work during the school year [†¦] builds character, teaches responsibility and prepares them for entering the adult world† (306). Students are practically clueless when they are extremely dependent and living off of their parent’s money. Once they gain an income and start buying their own clothes and accessories they realize the true value of a dollar. Money doesn’t come easy, you have to earn it and manage your expenses. Once realizing this, young adults begin to be more appreciative of what their parents have done and they also begin to get an idea of what the real world is going to be like. Brown shared a quote by a student â€Å"[†¦] Working keeps me out of trouble† (qtd. 309). Once students add on responsibilities such as working part time while attending school they begin to realize that there really is no time for fully around and other shenanigans. They understand that in the real adult world, they aren’t going to be able to afford to mess around; the adult world is strict business. Nothing is for free in this world, everything virtually has a dollar price and teens realize this once they start working and paying for their own stuff. However, there are others who believe it isn’t a good idea to work part time while going to school Others believe that it is inefficient for students to work a part time job while going to school. They might say â€Å"Extensive part-time employment during the school year may undermine youngsters’ education† (McLellan 306). Some people think that work interferes too much with school and that it doesn’t respect the fact that students have tight schedules. However, this is not the case for many working environments. My job personally assigns me hours around my school schedule so that I’m not only able to attend school but also work part time. This is good for me because I am still able to have an income that will pay for not only my schooling but for my necessities. Some jobs even offer grants for school if you’re able to maintain a high GPA and work a specific amount of hours per week. This is good because it not only encourages students to do well in school but it also gives them a reason to keep the job and save money. Although work does take up more time of your day, it doesn’t interfere with school as long as you manage your time wisely and work productively. Along with getting a glimpse of the real adult world, students will also gain positive attributes from working a part time job while going to school. They will not only learn how to manage their time wisely but also how to manage their money. Students begin to grow more responsible not only with juggling school and work, but also in decision making. â€Å"Working part time while going to school was one of the best decisions of my life† said Anna Shoemoch.

Palestine vs. Israel

Palestinians deserve to have peace after what had happened in Gaza, I mean, who would dare hurt the people and the earth itself. It's causing agony to the Palestinians when they did nothing but willing to share, however the Hams were involved in payback towards the Israel's which is probably a smart idea for them. Although, what the Hams did to get revenge was Just thoughtless of what they did because first they are unprepared to defend their area. And their area is beneath, down in the basement with no secure at all.What's depressing of all is hearing and seeing innocent children get killed by a bomb that was not smart of the Israel's. Recently, they shot a bomb at an elementary school where hundreds or thousands of children died and it was Just truly Especially for the littlest ones who are scared out of their wits! I can't even imagine the danger that is going on and â€Å"if I were to† experience a â€Å"life or death† situation, it would be terrifying. Also, within my soul; I can feel the excruciating pain from the Palestinians because of the sympathy I have ND it's as well as I should say that I AM one of THEM!What irks me the most are the people who are Just watching the torturous event happen which is dumb not do take a stand for what is obviously right and I honestly wish I can do something, but at age fifteen I appear to be too young (Yet, I did not say that I won't do anything when clearly I will as I get older, but the simplest thing that I can do is write a heartfelt letter to the people of this world and for them to briefly be inspired by it as I will too) o do anything extraordinary by changing the Middle East into peace between Israel and Palestine.I do BELIEVE that I can definitely transform the negativity energy with a much positive aspect for the people who need It and deserve It. There will be a chance to spread the Word that Is needed to be HEARD In order to bring PEACE for our people In the Middle EAST of a Land that will soo n be called (In my opinion) â€Å"Plasterer† as an official name. Everything Is possible If the World gathers together to unite!! Palestine vs. Israel Palestinians deserve to have peace after what had happened in Gaza, I mean, who would dare hurt the people and the earth itself. It's causing agony to the Palestinians when they did nothing but willing to share, however the Hams were involved in payback towards the Israel's which is probably a smart idea for them. Although, what the Hams did to get revenge was Just thoughtless of what they did because first they are unprepared to defend their area. And their area is beneath, down in the basement with no secure at all.What's depressing of all is hearing and seeing innocent children get killed by a bomb that was not smart of the Israel's. Recently, they shot a bomb at an elementary school where hundreds or thousands of children died and it was Just truly Especially for the littlest ones who are scared out of their wits! I can't even imagine the danger that is going on and â€Å"if I were to† experience a â€Å"life or death† situation, it would be terrifying. Also, within my soul; I can feel the excruciating pain from the Palestinians because of the sympathy I have ND it's as well as I should say that I AM one of THEM!What irks me the most are the people who are Just watching the torturous event happen which is dumb not do take a stand for what is obviously right and I honestly wish I can do something, but at age fifteen I appear to be too young (Yet, I did not say that I won't do anything when clearly I will as I get older, but the simplest thing that I can do is write a heartfelt letter to the people of this world and for them to briefly be inspired by it as I will too) o do anything extraordinary by changing the Middle East into peace between Israel and Palestine.I do BELIEVE that I can definitely transform the negativity energy with a much positive aspect for the people who need It and deserve It. There will be a chance to spread the Word that Is needed to be HEARD In order to bring PEACE for our people In the Middle EAST of a Land that will soo n be called (In my opinion) â€Å"Plasterer† as an official name. Everything Is possible If the World gathers together to unite!!

Critique of law and order essays

Critique of law and order essays "Law and Order" was a very well-done show about the process of hunting down and apprehending a criminal that commits the specific crime showcased at the beginning of the program. The crimes usually seem to be unusual or complicated. The plot tends to focus not only on the work of the police officers and detectives but the mental state and motives of the criminal. The show has an interesting practice of juxtaposing an emotional aspect of the situation with the bureaucratic and professional (usually conservative) viewpoint and ultimate goal. In the episode that I viewed on Sunday at nine o'clock the main characters found themselves in pursuit of a criminal who was abducting women to keep as some sort of brainwashed companion. He would sit in a park and watch people passing by . And if he happened to observe somebody that he felt would be a good candidate he would slip them a drug in their drink and take them home. After he gets them into his home he drills a hole in their skull and pours hot water onto their brain. This leaves the victim in a constant state of vulnerability(he turns them into vegetables). He would then proceed to cuddle with them. The first victim died which was not his intent, and was found in a park with her calf muscle missing. The second victim escaped and was found wandering down the same street he lived on. Shortly after the second attack he was apprehended by the main characters which, by the way, did not seem to have much of a problem catching him. This program distinguishes itself among others of the same genre by offering a much more compassionate analyzation of the crime and perpetrator than others, along with a compelling and fascinating portrayal of the process the detectives go through to get the job done. The show also takes on a much more methodical pace than others of the same elk. On the other hand, the ultimate crimes and endings are very much similar to other shows. They all se ...

Harry Potter Controversy About Banning the Books

Harry Potter Controversy About Banning the Books The Harry Potter controversy has gone on, in one form or another, for years, particularly before the series ended. On one side of the Harry Potter controversy are those who say that J.K. Rowlings Harry Potter books are wonderful fantasy novels with powerful messages for kids and the ability to make even reluctant readers eager readers. On the opposing end are those who say that the Harry Potter books are evil books designed to promote an interest in the occult, since Harry Potter, the hero of the series, is a wizard. In a number of states, there have been attempts, some successful and some unsuccessful, to have the Harry Potter books banned in classrooms, and banned or under severe restrictions in school libraries. For example, in Gwinnett County, Georgia, a parent challenged the Harry Potter books on the grounds that they promoted witchcraft. When school officials ruled against her, she went to the State Board of Education. When the BOE confirmed the right of local school officials to make such decisions, she took her battle against the books to court. Although the judge ruled against her, she indicated she might continue her fight against the series. As a result of all the attempts to ban the Harry Potter books, those in favor of the series also began speaking out. kidSPEAK Speaks Out American Booksellers Foundation for Free Expression, the Association of American Publishers, the Association of Booksellers for Children, the Childrens Book Council, the Freedom to Read Foundation, the National Coalition Against Censorship, the National Council of Teachers of English, the PEN American Center, and the People for the American Way Foundation. What do these groups have in common? They were all sponsors of kidSPEAK!, which was initially called Muggles for Harry Potter (because in the Harry Potter series, a Muggle is a non-magical person). The organization was dedicated to helping kids with their First Amendment rights. The group was most active in the early 2000s when the Harry Potter controversy was at its height. Challenges and Support for the Harry Potter Series There have been challenges in more than a dozen states.  The Harry Potter books were number seven on the American Library Associations list of the 100 most frequently challenged books of 1990-2000, and they were number one on the ALAs Top 100 Banned/Challenged Books: 2000-2009. The End of the Series Generates New Views With the publication of the seventh and final book in the series, some people began to look back over the entire series and wonder if it might not be a Christian allegory. In his three-part article, Harry Potter: Christian Allegory or Occultist Children’s Books?  reviewer Aaron Mead suggests that Christian parents should enjoy the Harry Potter stories but focus on their theological symbolism and message. Whether or not you share the view that it is wrong to censor the Harry Potter books, they have value by giving parents and teachers the opportunity offered by the series to increase their childrens interest in reading and writing and use the books to promote family discussions about issues that might otherwise not be discussed. Reading all the books in the series will allow you to make an informed decision about the Harry Potter books for your children. Participate in Banned Books Week activities, educate yourself about your communitys and school districts policies, and speak out as needed. More About Book Banning and Censorship All About Book Banning and Childrens BooksKids Book Censorship: The Who and WhyFrequently Challenged Books of the 21st Century

Critical analysis of the learning environment in the community Essay

Critical analysis of the learning environment in the community - Essay Example Modern nursing is changing with new roles and working practices. They are leaders, coordinators, teachers and practitioners. There is still a need for nurses to care for patients in hospitals, but much nursing practice now takes place in the GP surgery, in peoples homes and in specialist clinics in the community. Laschinger (1992) used the Kolb’s learning theory (ELT) to study 179 generic baccalaureate students’ perception of the contributions of different types of nursing learning environments to development of adaptive competences. Nursing learning environments were thought to contribute most to divergent competencies, reflecting the importance of both people-oriented and scientific skills in nursing. However it was found that clinical experience and senior preceptorship experience contributed significantly more to the development of these competencies than typical nursing classes and non-nourishing classes. Besides, the students considered assimilative competencies such as leading and influencing others relatively unimportant to successful functioning in nursing learning environments. The preparation for the practice of professional nursing occurs in the early training program for nurses that integrate liberal arts and sciences, as well as nursing theory and practice. Beside s this program need to develop altruistic values, an understanding of and appreciation for the social and ethical issues of life in a global society, the conceptualization and synthesis of general education and nursing knowledge and the development of affective, cognitive, and psychomotor skills and behaviors to function as a caring, beginning practitioner in nursing. The clinical learning environment creates many opportunities for student learning and the development of critical competencies in the nursing profession. The learning that takes place in this environment, however, confronts the first year nursing

Health Care Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Health Care Ethics - Essay Example McWay (2010) argues that it is the sole responsibility of the health practitioners to ensure that all manner of information that relates to the patients’ background information is concealed. Studies indicate that maintaining confidentiality is one of the best antidotes towards a successful healing process for the client. This is in relation to the fact that, clients feel completely relaxed and secure while disclosing information that relates to their medical predicaments. In cases where clients have had nasty experiences with nurses or any other health practitioners, who disclose their medical conditions, such patients were recorded to conceal crucial information, that would otherwise contribute a great mile towards their healing process. This is an interpretation of great tasks that, health practitioners have to undertake in an attempt not only to safeguard their jobs but also, to make patients’ healing process trouble-free. This essay shall highlight the importance of safeguarding patients’ information by the health practitioners. The essay shall also attempt to undertake a study on the ethical and legal implications of breaching the terms and conditions of health care ethics, that works on the basis of safeguard of patient’s information. In his work, he continues to argue that, if there arises a need for disclosure of information on the patients’ medical history, the patient has the right to be aware of the kind of information being portrayed to any other parties. Once patients feel comfortable, studies indicate that majority tend to disclose information, which ultimately leads to quick and certain medication by the medical practitioners. Disclosure and maintenance of patients’ medical background information, as health care ethics, involves protection and impositions by law. Harman (2006) indicates, that a great percentage of health practitioners are aware of the fact, that patients have a right to file lawsuits in case they feel that, their rights are infringed by medical physicians. In the context of revealing information, other than committing suicide by the client, patients have a right to demand explanations in regard to infringing on their privacy in other contexts. Analysts believe that in such instances, there is no exception; the health practitioner has to compensate the patient or offer tangible explanations on the reasons behind their actions. However, studies indicate that in such cases, patients end up taking the case. This is an interpretation of the weightiness of this health care ethics. At times, health practitioners are at a risk of losing their jobs over the disclosure of patients’ information, especially in cases where health practitioners have no tangible evidence of their actions. There have been numerous arguments on the protection of patients’ information as legally binding.

Case study of evaluate an event in the form of a case study

Of evaluate an event in the form of a - Case Study Example This study will evaluate Australia-based sports event. The Australian Open is taken under consideration in this study as the event. This case study will analyze and evaluate the impact of Australian Open on the economy of the country. Moreover, this study will reveal the contribution of this sport event in the growth of sports tourism sector. Government and sports ministry of Australia, several stakeholders including national Tennis agencies, state government, several state tennis academies and institutes are considered as important resources of Australian Sport Tourism Industry. Part 1 There are several classifications of sport tourism in Australia. Australian sport tourism can be segregated into three parts, such as sport events tourism, active sport tourism, and celebrity and nostalgia sport tourism (Hinch and Higham, 2011, p.45). Australian Open can be considered under active sport tourism wherein the individuals or players participate in the sport events to win this prestigious Tennis Title. In Australian Open, greatest global tennis players come to Australia in the month of January. Australian Open is a popular sporting event that blends the enjoyment and fun of tennis with traditional cultural and social activities that celebrate the love of Australians. Australian Open gained huge popularity and acceptability across the globe. People of Australia love tennis and love to watch the Australian Open as all the popular global tennis players take part in this sporting event in order to win this tennis title. Every year the popularity and acceptance of Australian Open is significantly increasing at a constant rate. Economic development is the major consequence of this Australian Open. It is important for government, sports ministry and state or national tennis academies to develop future plan for this specific sporting event. Stakeholder’s role in Sport Tourism Sector Australian sport tourism sector is one of the major economic drivers. Australian Open is one of the popular sporting events in which leading global tennis players used to participate in order to win the prestigious Tennis Title. This Australian Open is one of the most significant tourism catalysts (Smith and Stewart, 2010, pp. 1-13). This sporting event attracts several global tennis lovers and spectators. Moreover, various scenic beauty and tourist spots forced the spectators to visit Australia. The country gets benefited in both ways. Ultimately, the revenue increases. It plays an important part in country’s development. There are several sport event organizations in Australia. Australian government and ministry of Sports developed Federal Sport Policy (McCabe, 2005, pp.85-106). This policy is delivered through a range of significant structure. It includes Anti-Doping Authority of Australian sports, Department of Ageing and Health and Australian Sport Commission. Australian Open is managed by the Tennis Australia. This organization is regulated by the sports ministry of the country. Government and sports ministry of Australia, several stakeholders including national Tennis agencies, state government, several state tennis academies and institutes are continuously trying to

Case study: Eating Disorder

Case study: Eating Disorder Psychopathology refers to maladaptive behavior/s that causes distress to an individual and is brought about by a psychological disorder (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2004). A number of factors contribute to the development of psychopathology: collectively referred to as the vulnerability-stress model (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2004). This model breaks the stressors down into three categories: biological causes, social causes and psychological causes (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2004). There are four dominant psychological theories of psychopathology that govern treatment: Psychodynamic Theories, Behavioral Theories, Cognitive Theories and Humanistic and Existential Theories (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2008). Eating disorders are classified as a form of psychopathology. Bulimia Nervosa, in particular, is an eating disorder characterized by bingeing episodes; followed by extreme actions that serve to induce immediate weight loss, such as purging (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2008). Chassler (1998) states that bulimic nervosa sufferers turn to food as a way of alleviating their negative emotions. Food provides a form of distraction from their problems and comfort; this leads to bingeing episodes (Chassler, 1998). The purging occurs as a way of ensuring that they do not gain weight after their bingeing episodes (Chassler, 1998). Individuals that suffer from bulimia nervosa tend to have been highly preoccupied with their shape and weight prior to developing the disorder. (Benninghoven, Raykowski, Solzbacher, Kunzendorf Jantschek, 2007). Individuals developing this disorder tend to be highly dissatisfied with their bodies and many adolescent girls with low self-esteem tend to believe that all of their failures stem from the way that they look (Benninghoven, Raykowski, Solzbacher, Kunzendorf Jantschek, 2007). These bulimic individuals follow cultural and societal norms that promise greater self-esteem to those who are slimmer (Benninghoven, Raykowski, Solzbacher, Kunzendorf Jantschek, 2007). Interestingly, Benninghoven, Raykowski, Solzbacher, Kunzendorf and Jantschek (2007) discovered that bulimic women evaluated their own bodies in a skewed manner; however, they found no such disturbances in their cognition related to other womens bodies or to what they assumed men might find attractive. It is also believed that those suffering from bulimia nervosa are mainly motivated by the desire to fulfill the expectations that men have about womens bodies (Benninghoven, Raykowski, Solzbacher, Kunzendorf Jantschek, 2007). Lacey and Evans (as cited in Anestis et al., 2009) were the first researchers to divide bulimic nervosa patients into two distinct subgroups: multi-impulsive versus uni-impulsive. The multi-impulsive subgroup exhibits impulsive behaviors that include not only binging and purging but also one of the following behaviors: substance abuse, stealing, sexual promiscuity or self-injury. However, Harnden-Fischer and Westen (2001) have found that separating bulimics into subgroups runs the risk of confining a range of complicated personality factors into a single category. These factors seem to be, characterized by emotional dysregulation, intense and labile affect, interpersonal desperation and impulsive efforts to escape distress and seek gratification. (Harnden-Fischer Westen, 2001, p. 558). Herzog, Keller, Sacks, Yeh, and Lavoril (as cited in Blinder, Cumella Sanathara, 2006) found that 60% of those individuals with bulimic nervosa, who participated in their study, also had a co morbid Axis I diagnosis. Blinder, Chaitin and Goldstein (as cited in Blinder, Cumella Sanathara, 2006) discovered that co morbidity with other Axis I disorders generally resulted in a poorer prognosis for bulimic nervosa patients. Blinder, Cumella and Sanathara (2006) found that the disorders that are most co morbid with bulimia nervosa are mood disorders, substance abuse (mostly alcohol abuse) disorders and anxiety disorders. Bryant-Waugh and Lask (as cited in Blinder, Cumella Sanathara, 2006) highlighted another factor that is thought to contribute to a poor prognosis: the development of bulimia nervosa at an early age. Another factor that is believed to contribute to the possible development of bulimia nervosa is that of family dynamics. Humphrey and Strober (1987) found that those individuals with parents who have a history of alcohol abuse and obesity, which are ill disposed towards said individual, show them no affection and give them minimal attention, are more likely to develop bulimia nervosa. Humphrey and Strober (1987) suggest that bulimic individuals did not learn good coping mechanisms because of being overwhelmed by their family environment; coupled with the pressure to be slim, leads to bingeing and purging behavior. The bingeing episodes may also act as a substitute for the nurturance that they never had (Humphrey and Strober, 1987). Arikian et al. (2008) also found that a family history of the father abusing alcohol, and the mother suffering from severe depression, resulted in a poorer prognosis for the bulimic individual. This essay will focus on a particular subject, namely, Molly. The article will investigate Mollys case and proffer possible solutions. Biographical Information THE CASE OF 5 Molly is nineteen years old and a second year tertiary student. She arrived to the session wearing tight jeans and a white sweater with coffee stains on one of her sleeves. Her scarf was out of place. Her hair was untidy and messy and her eyes were sunken with dark rings around them. There were no problems with her making eye contact although she displayed no emotions throughout the interview. She appeared to be very tired as evidenced by the repeated yawning and rubbing of her eyes. This led to the smudging of her mascara. Mollys aunt was worried about her and insisted that she see a psychologist at U.C.T.s Psychology Clinic. She was not doing her university work and was also having trouble sleeping. She had been caught bingeing and purging, which was a long-term problem, and was currently in a considerable amount of mental pain. She was also extremely suicidal. History of the Presenting Problem Molly was first exposed to trauma at a young age. Her parents were arguing loudly every night and Molly took it upon herself to stop them by banging with a toy on her door. This strategy worked for many years and led to Molly believing that she was the one who was responsible for keeping the peace between her parents. Molly was embarrassed to bring her primary school friends home as her father had an obvious alcohol dependency issue and was obese. Humphrey and Strober (1987) state that family discord; parental obesity and substance abuse are often seen to be some of the contributing factors to bulimia nervosa. During her primary school years, her fathers extreme negative reaction to her bad report cards flying into a rage and forbidding her to have supper -left Molly feeling unloved, unwanted and rejected. Both her parents would often drink heavily, until they passed out, and so were not there for Molly when she needed parental guidance and support. Added to this was the comparison that was always made between Molly and her younger brother, Luke. Luke was praised as much as Molly was berated; leading to a deep-seated pain and a sense of never being good enough. This level of family neglect all contributed to Mollys eventual development of bulimia (Humphrey and Strober, 1987). Molly attempted suicide in an effort to punish her parents, and herself, for the way in which they treated her. This demonstrates a tendency to rush into behaviors that lessen the negative affect that Molly feels, and Anestis et al. (cited in Anestis et al., 2009) discovered this tendency to be a predictor of bulimia. Molly went to live with her mother after her parents divorced. Her mother suffered from depression and this is seen to be a contributor to Mollys bulimia as Arikian, Keel, Miller, Thuras, Mitchell and Crow (2008) state that severe maternal depression could lead to a poorer prognosis. Molly gained weight once she entered puberty and this led to the other children taunting her, at school, about her weight. She blamed her weight as the main source of her torment: a strong predictor for bulimia (Benninghoven, Raykowski, Solzbacher, Kunzendorf Jantschek, 2007). Her friends were the ones who first exposed her to bulimic behavior. Even though she claims that many people engage in bulimic behavior, she nevertheless states the need to purge in secret. Molly lost weight due to the bingeing and purging and this behavior was reinforced by her friends telling her how good she looked and by boys starting to take an interest in her. Molly started having sex with multiple partners, beginning at age 13. This behavior has continued into her university years. This can be seen not only as an expression of impulsivity but also as a form of reassurance seeking, two behaviors often associated with bulimics (Anestis et al., 2009). Diagnosis The DSM-IV can be used to assist in diagnosing Molly. Axis I refer to clinical disorders: Molly suffers from bulimia nervosa. This is her primary diagnosis. Co morbidly, she also suffers from substance abuse and depression. Axis II refers to either personality disorders or mental retardation. Molly does not appear to have any personality disorders, even though she does display some features of a borderline personality disorder. As it is stated in Nolen-Hoeksema (2004), her impulsive behaviors, like sexual promiscuity and alcohol abuse, are all symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder. However, she is not subject to the continuous vacillation between the extremes of only idealizing or only despising individuals, as described by Nolen-Hoeksema (2004). Nolen-Hoeksema (2004) states that a Borderline Personality Disorder is characterized by angry outbursts, due to an unstable mood, and alternates between feelings of low self-worth and feelings of grandiosity. However, in Mollys case, h er angry outbursts are brought about due to a lack of sleep and not due to unstable mood, though she does suffer from that with respect to depression; it seems that she always feels herself to be of low self-worth. Axis III refers to general medical conditions. Molly does not have any general medical conditions. Axis IV refers to psychosocial and environmental problems. Molly comes from a broken home and has poor relationships with both her parents. They have neglected her, been hostile and highly critical of her, since her days in primary school. Therefore, Mollys social support comes from, mainly, her aunt who suggested that she visit a psychologist. Molly had weight problems at school that led to her being taunted and extremely unhappy. Her friends at the time, in high school, introduced her to bingeing and purging behavior. Molly began to get attention from boys and reacted to this by being sexually active from a young age. This behavior continued into her university years. Molly is not doing her university work and says that she needed to take some time off from university. She is under added pressure as her primary caregivers were arguing over how Mollys third year at university was to be financed. Her bingeing and purging episodes escalated dramatically following her visit to her pare nts and stepparent. Axis V refers to the Global Assessment of Functioning. A score of 20 characterizes Molly. Her symptoms are very serious as they can lead to her death or, at the very least, multiple physical problems. She is high in suicidal ideation, and this should be taken seriously and not ignored, and cannot continue with her studies at the present time. Her interpersonal relationships with men are marked by risky sexual behavior and her relationship with her parents serves to exacerbate her bulimic symptoms. She also seems to have no friends. The primary diagnosis is one of bulimia nervosa. There are many factors that point to this diagnosis and that fulfill the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. Molly binges on junk food, such as chips and ice cream throughout the day, which is followed by purging. She was also eating in secret thus pointing to a lack of control over her behavior. This behavior started when Molly was thirteen so it has definitely been going on at least twice a week and for longer than three months. Molly was haunted by being overweight at school and attributed all of her problems to her weight, as evidenced by peoples praise of her thinness and by boys starting to take an interest in her. Thus, her preoccupation with her weight is significant. Molly also has two co morbid diagnoses: depression and substance abuse. Her symptoms of depression include emotional symptoms such as waves of mental anguishà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ which occurred more often, lasted longer, and grew in intensity and flat affect. Her physiological and behavioral symptoms of depression include serious sleep problems and feelings of fatigue as she yawned frequently and rubbed her eyes repeatedly. Her cognitive symptoms of depression include suicidal thoughts and a sense of hopelessness and worthlessness: she says, I thought to myself, nobody cares whether I live or die, so why bother with hospitals? She has major depression as her symptoms have lasted for around two weeks and they interfere with her functioning. Mollys second co morbid disorder is substance abuse. She drinks heavily on the weekends and often gets drunk. She continues to consume alcohol despite having periods where she blacks out and wakes up in bed with someone she has no recollection of even meeting. This is said to have happened frequently. These are hazardous behaviors, as Molly could be assaulted by or contract a sexual disease from any one of these men. The differential diagnoses in this case are substance abuse and depression. Depression is a differential diagnosis as Molly meets the diagnostic criteria of depression but this was ruled out, as the primary diagnosis, despite Mollys initial suicide attempt, as Mollys depressive symptoms appeared after her bulimia nervosa developed and can be seen as one of the symptoms thereof. As Blinder, Cumella and Sanathara (2006) state, Perhaps prolonged illness and chronicity in EDs initiate adverse relational experiences, nutritional causality, and affective blunting that predispose longer-term ED patients to depressive symptoms. Molly also could have been given a primary diagnosis of substance abuse but, once again, this behavior occurred long after the bulimia nervosa began and could be seen to be another symptom thereof. As Hildebrandt and Sysko (2009) state, A significant percentage of treatment-seeking individuals with BN are also diagnosed with a co-morbid disorder, with approximately 20 to 80% classified with a lifetime major depressive disorderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and Among individuals with eating disorders, patients with BNà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ report a higher prevalence of alcohol or drug problems. Case Formulation There are a number of psychological theories that underpin Mollys case but, perhaps, the most fitting theory is that of the psychoanalytic theory, a subset of psychodynamic theory (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2008). Freud developed psychoanalysis and this theory is largely based on the idea that all behavior stems from unconscious processes. As stated in Nolen-Hoeksema (2004), Freud termed the phenomenon of when a persons defense mechanisms are no longer useful as they are harmful to that individual, the neurotic paradox. One could say that Molly suffers from the neurotic paradox: she has unresolved, and angry, feelings towards her parents and sublimates these feelings by bingeing and purging. Nolen-Hoeksema (2004) mentions Freuds notion of repression: memories or feelings that an individual cannot or does not want to face and so, these memories or feelings, are banished from said individuals consciousness. One could also say that Mollys bingeing and purging stem from her repressing her angry fe elings towards her father, turning them inwards and making use of maladaptive strategies to cope. Many of Mollys problems stem from her family upbringing and the relationship that she has with her primary caregivers, her parents; as will be demonstrated below. Sugarman and Kurash (as cited in Chassler, 1998) state that the bingeing episodes are a way of reconnecting to the mother and the purging occurs out of a fear of being swallowed-up by the mother. This theory points to Molly expressing her anger and disappointment at her mother for not being there to show her the love and support that she needed and so, in this way, Molly is trying to fulfill her need for maternal love in other ways. As Woodall (as cited in Chassler, 1998, p. 403) has pointed out, the bulimic nervosa sufferer uses food as a, reliable transitional object as a way to undo the mothers frightening unreliability. Bowlby (as cited in Chassler, 1998) first established the concept of attachment: a theorizing of the way in which humans are driven to form attachments to certain others. A healthy and nurturing attachment to a primary caregiver leads to a well-adjusted child (Chassler, 1998). However, disturbances in this attachment lead to all kinds of psychological problems developing (Chassler, 1998). As a child, Molly was exposed to her parents hostile feelings towards one another: expressed in their fighting matches. This can be seen to be a disruption in the positive attachment that should have developed between Molly and her parents (Chassler, 1998). Twice in her life, she felt as though she were responsible for her parents behaviors: (1) as a child when she would knock on the door in an attempt to get her parents to stop fighting and (2) when living with her depressed mother, now divorced, and feeling responsible for her mothers emotional wellbeing. As Humphrey (as cited in Chassler, 1998, p . 406) states families of bulimic nervosa sufferers tend to be, higher in conflict, chaos, detachment, neglect, dependency and contradictory communications than normal families. Igoin-Apfelbaum (as cited in Chassler, 1998) found that there are a higher percentage of broken homes among his bulimic nervosa participants than among his control participants. This hostile environment became unbearable for Molly during her primary school years. Her fathers emotional abuse led to Molly feeling worthless and, perhaps, seeing as he attacked her intellectual ability, she felt that she could succeed in another way by controlling her weight and being attractive. Molly may have a genetic predisposition to developing depression as her mother suffers from depression (Blinder, Cumella Sanathara, 2006). Mollys parents both abused alcohol and her father is described as being obese; these are two factors that are linked to the development of bulimia (Humphrey Strober, 1987). Being in direct contact with her fathers obesity may have contributed to Mollys obsession with being thin. Lilenfeld et al. (as cited in Hildebrandt Sysko, 2009) found that individuals with bulimia nervosa with a co morbid disorder of substance abuse mostly have relatives who themselves have a substance abuse problem. Treatment Keel et al.(as cited in Hildebrandt Sysko, 2009) posits that alcohol abuse and eating disorders stem from different etiologies that mutually bear influence upon one another. O Malley et al. (as cited in Hildebrandt Sysko, 2009) found, in his study, that successfully treating the substance abuse disorder did not completely eradicate the bulimic syndrome Therefore, Molly, who has co morbid alcohol abuse and bulimia nervosa, may require an integrated cognitive behavioral therapy treatment that addresses both disorders (Hildebrandt Sysko, 2009). There are specific modules that Hildebrandt and Sysko (2009) highlight as being the most significant targets that their integrated cognitive behavioral therapy should attempt to heal. Addressing motivation to change is key as adherence to recovery is necessary, in order to prevent relapse (Hildebrandt Sysko, 2009). Addressing interpersonal relationships, making use of techniques gleaned from psychotherapy, is crucial as interpersonal conflict often serves to exacerbate the bulimic and substance abuse behavior (Hildebrandt Sysko, 2009). Addressing reward sensitivity can be done in the form of cue exposure, which has been shown to be successful for both substance abuse and bulimic behavior (Hildebrandt Sysko, 2009). However, cue exposure may not be appropriate for outpatient therapy as it could lead to alcohol consumption after the session (Hildebrandt Sysko, 2009). Addressing impulsive behaviors is a necessary part of the treatment and dialectical behavior therapy has been found t o be effective in treating the bulimia nervosa sufferers impulsive behaviors (Hildebrandt Sysko, 2009). For as Hildebrandt and Sysko (2009, p. 95) have stated, The DBT model for BN conceptualizes binge eating and purging as a means of controlling emotions, and emotion dysregulation is therefore considered to be primary problem with ongoing bulimic behaviors. Conclusion: Gender Bias Benninghoven, Raykowski, Solzbacher, Kunzendorf and Jantschek (2007) found bulimic women, whose perceptions of the body shape and size of women that men find attractive, did not differ significantly from that of men. However, they also state that cultural norms indicate that adolescent girls hope to attain self-confidence by achieving a level of thinness. Therefore, women feel that they have to attain a particular level of thinness in order to be desired by the opposite sex. This places women under tremendous pressure. The media contributes to this pressure by displaying images of women who have attained this ideal thereby intimating that it is within every womans power to achieve similar results. Men are under more pressure to be successful in monetary terms as this can snare a mate, whereas women are under more pressure to be physically appealing in order to attract men. This is evident in Mollys case as she states that boys began being interested in her once she had lost her weigh t. Therefore, it is apparent that bulimia nervosa would have a greater propensity in women than it would in men.

James Joyces The Dead - Failure to Create Wholeness from Gnomon :: Joyce Dead Essays

The Failure to Create Wholeness from Gnomon in The Dead      Ã‚   There is little doubt in anyone's mind that Gabriel's speech in "The Dead" is a failure. It is harder to understand what exactly he was trying to accomplish. The almost archaic style contradicts the lighthearted content, and what we are left with is a rambling oration which seems to produce nothing. Reading through the speech, one can not help but be struck by its wondrously odd and seemingly antiquated phraseology:    [Let us] still cherish in our hearts the memory of those dead. . .whose fame the world will not willingly let die.   [T]o go on bravely with our work among the living.    We are met here as friends. . . (202-203) "Those dead," "work among the living," "we are met here as friends" - not exactly the tone which one would expect from an informal after-dinner speech in the midst of a party.   The question is, "Where would one expect to hear this kind of speech?"   The answer is simple:   at a funeral, of course. Not just any sort of funeral, however.   One in particular comes to mind:    We are met on a great battlefield of that war.   We are met to dedicate a portion of it as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that this nation might live. . . The world will little not nor long remember what we say her, but it can never forget what they did here.   It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work. . . (261) In its sentiments and even in its diction it is astonishing how alike Gabriel's speech is to Licoln's Gettysburg Address.   Now before you throw down this paper in disgust let me make it clear that I will not be suggesting that Joyce tried to transcribe The Gettysburg Address into Dubliners.   I do think, however, that both speeches come from a certain tradition of speaking, the funeral oration or epitaphioi; and understanding how Gabriel's speech follows or strays from the tradition which it is emulating helps in grasping the reasons behind and consequences of its failure. Lincoln's funeral oration is the only English example of a specifically Athenian phenomenon.   In classical Athens, it was customary for an elected official to give a speech at the funeral for those soldiers who lost their lives during the previous year. James Joyce's The Dead - Failure to Create Wholeness from Gnomon :: Joyce Dead Essays The Failure to Create Wholeness from Gnomon in The Dead      Ã‚   There is little doubt in anyone's mind that Gabriel's speech in "The Dead" is a failure. It is harder to understand what exactly he was trying to accomplish. The almost archaic style contradicts the lighthearted content, and what we are left with is a rambling oration which seems to produce nothing. Reading through the speech, one can not help but be struck by its wondrously odd and seemingly antiquated phraseology:    [Let us] still cherish in our hearts the memory of those dead. . .whose fame the world will not willingly let die.   [T]o go on bravely with our work among the living.    We are met here as friends. . . (202-203) "Those dead," "work among the living," "we are met here as friends" - not exactly the tone which one would expect from an informal after-dinner speech in the midst of a party.   The question is, "Where would one expect to hear this kind of speech?"   The answer is simple:   at a funeral, of course. Not just any sort of funeral, however.   One in particular comes to mind:    We are met on a great battlefield of that war.   We are met to dedicate a portion of it as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that this nation might live. . . The world will little not nor long remember what we say her, but it can never forget what they did here.   It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work. . . (261) In its sentiments and even in its diction it is astonishing how alike Gabriel's speech is to Licoln's Gettysburg Address.   Now before you throw down this paper in disgust let me make it clear that I will not be suggesting that Joyce tried to transcribe The Gettysburg Address into Dubliners.   I do think, however, that both speeches come from a certain tradition of speaking, the funeral oration or epitaphioi; and understanding how Gabriel's speech follows or strays from the tradition which it is emulating helps in grasping the reasons behind and consequences of its failure. Lincoln's funeral oration is the only English example of a specifically Athenian phenomenon.   In classical Athens, it was customary for an elected official to give a speech at the funeral for those soldiers who lost their lives during the previous year.